Abstract
The conservation role of the Higgs boson is the creation of
the "Leptonic Spectrum".
Note to reader: What follows is my personal
understanding/interpretation of the data of the "Standard Model" of
physics. It is not the same in all respects as that found in
textbooks, but it will be (I believe) within reasonable bounds. The
"leptoquark", for example, is hypothetical, and there is no math in
my papers. See:
"The Higgs Boson and the Spacetime Metric"
for a discussion of further differences between my own and the
"Standard Model's" conception of the Higgs Boson's conservation
role.
The charged weak force IVBs (W+, W- Intermediate Vector Bosons)
weigh in at approximately 80 GeV; this is the energy required
(equivalent to about 80 proton masses) to create a single
new electron or positron (not a particle-antiparticle pair, which
can be had for very much less). A W neutral (Z zero) is even more
massive, about 91 GeV; this is the energy required to create a single
new neutrino, which weighs much less even than an electron. The
reason for the huge mismatch between the rest energy (e = mcc) of
the electron and the neutrino, and the energy required to create
them as single particles, has been
attributed to the difficulty/necessity of creating them
exactly like all others of their kind ever produced - a difficulty
which is moot in the case of particle-anti-particle pairs (since
these can immediately and certainly annihilate each other with no
threat to symmetry/energy conservation). This
difficulty is thought to be resolved by returning to the
original high energy at which these leptonic elementary particles
were first created in the primordial heat of the "Big Bang" - which
the great mass-energy of the IVBs recreate.
The next (and last?) particle in the energetic series of these
strange, heavy weak force particles is the "Higgs boson",
weighing-in at about 126 gev. This is a scalar particle, not a
vector-boson like the Ws or Z. So despite the "ball-park" similarity
in mass, the Higgs is a radically different particle in terms of
function. The IVBs carry or transfer the weak force; the Higgs
"gauges" or "scales" the convergence of the electric and weak
forces, encompassing also the IVBs. The IVBs are active, the Higgs
is static. The Higgs identifies the energy level at which the
electric and weak forces join (creating the combined "electroweak"
(EW) force. This distinction is important because there are at least
two other "force-convergence" energy boundaries above the EW
confluence, the "GUT" ("Grand Unified Theory") convergence at which
the strong force joins the other two (creating baryons), and the
"TOE" ("Theory of Everything") threshold at which gravity joins the
other three (creating leptoquarks and spacetime). Each of these
high-energy force convergences is assumed to have its own uniquely
distinguishing "Higgs-like" scalar particle (a boundary or threshold
marker for each "force-unity energy plateau" or "symmetric energy
state"). (See: "Table of the Higgs Cascade".)
Below the Higgs electroweak energy scale
(and below the primordial energy scale of the IVBs at which lepton
identities merge (among themselves) and quark identities merge (also
among themselves - but leptons and quarks remain distinct), we find
our own more familiar electromagnetic (EM) "ground state" energy
domain of atomic matter, with its own distinct energy levels of
electron shell (chemical energy) and nucleus ("atomic" or nuclear
energy). The interior of our sun and stars only begins to approach
the primordial electroweak (EW) energy threshold because of the
copious nuclear transformations (fusion/fission) and IVB activity
ongoing there, but even these energies are not sufficient to
completely liquify an atomic nucleus. The EM energy regime is
preeminently the domain of Information and (in its chemical
sector) biology. Biochemical life is probably
common throughout the Cosmos.
But we want to know what the Higgs boson is "good for"? What is its
function, what does it do, why must it exist? We
know what the IVBs do and how they function - they
transform/create single elementary particles and they do so
by revisiting the original (primordial) energy levels at which these
particles were first created during the early micro-moments of the
"Big Bang". Their function is one of symmetry and energy
conservation: all elementary particles must be exactly alike in all
conserved attributes (charge, spin, mass, etc.) so they can
seamlessly replace one another in any reaction (including
matter-antimatter annihilation reactions) - and this regardless of
when or where they are/were created. This is a tall order,
considering the ongoing spatio-temporal entropic expansion of our 14
billion-year-old universe. This entropy problem requires the weak
force elementary particle transformation mechanism to return to its
primal origins, via the great mass of the weak force IVBs (which act
like time machines), impervious to the enervation of entropy because
they are massive. All electrons are exactly alike because
they are all made from the same mold at the same temperature, via
the IVBs.
The Higgs scalar boson also plays a major part in this complex
conservation scenario: the Higgs defines, scales, gauges, and
identifies an EW conservation domain in which the weak and electric
forces merge their energies (and properties). The electromagnetic
force is primarily a spatial action force of attraction and
repulsion (electric charge), and of spatial entropic expansion and
the spatial transfer of pure energy (the "intrinsic" motion of
light). The weak force is primarily a force of information
whose basic charge is identity.
Putting these two forces together provides the possibility of
energy, symmetry, and identity conservation in a spatially extensive
and causally connected domain (because energy quanta can be
identified, moved, and hence exactly reproduced and/or annihilated).
The principle example of this fertile force combination is the
elementary "Leptonic Spectrum"
(electron, muon, tau, leptoquark), in which massive electrical
particles (quanta) are combined with weak force "identity charges":
neutrinos are the explicit, "bare" forms of weak force "identity"
charge, and each massive lepton is associated with a neutrino of its
type, plus a corresponding but "implicit" identity charge of its own
(AKA lepton "flavor" or "number" charge). (The leptoquark is
hypothetical, but we need it to join the leptons and baryons).
Through the "Leptonic Spectrum", the Higgs identifies and "gauges"
the EW conservation domain of spacetime, which essentially comprises
our entire, vast "post-Big Bang" Cosmos (hence the Higgs has been
called the "God particle"). The Higgs is saying: I am the energy
level at which a combined dimensional and karmic (cause and effect)
conservation domain is possible for these forces/energies, complete
with IVBs (both charged and neutral) for the transformation of
elementary particle identity and the foundation of an information
empire built upon an asymmetric, temporal, local, matter-only
alternative energy form (atoms). The Higgs boson is a primitive
artifact of our asymmetric universe, identifying a conservation
pathway for massive forms of asymmetric atomic matter: the EW
conservation domain, replete with time-traveling IVBs and the
leptonic spectrum of elementary massive particles they faithfully
sustain and reproduce. The Higgs is responsible for creating the
"Leptonic Spectrum"; the IVBs are responsible for accurately
replicating it over time and space. All the rest, as they say, is
entropy and information.
Leptoquarks and Baryons
It may appear to the reader that I have overlooked the most
important feature of the material world - the three-quark baryons
(protons and neutrons) which form the foundation of our atomic realm
and the Periodic Table. We will consider them next, including the
all-important question of their relationship to the leptons. It is
my assumption/belief that baryons and the quarks that comprise them
are related to leptons through derivation: the baryons are nothing
else but primitive, heavy leptons subdivided into three parts, which
are held together by internal "unitary symmetry debts" (the gluon
field), because Nature will not tolerate a free-roaming fractional
electric charge (quantum mechanics forbids it because there is no
way to conserve this sub-level of broken symmetry (fractional
charges cannot be balanced or canceled or annihilated by other
free-roaming fractional anti-charges - since none exist). This
assumption immediately explains all the characteristics of the strong force color charge and the otherwise
mysteriously serendipitous and much-too-convenient relationship
between the leptons and baryons. They are related through the
leptoquark, the last and heaviest member of the leptonic spectrum, a
primitive lepton so massive that it finds a lower-energy solution to
the self-repulsion of its own electric charge in the internal
fractional charges of quarks and associated gluon exchange field.
Gluons permanently bind quarks into whole quantum unit charge
packets (baryons or mesons). Baryons are composed of three quarks,
mesons of a quark-antiquark pair. The too-massive leptoquark brings
a natural closure to the energetic "leptonic spectrum" of elementary
particles (just 4 species of elementary leptons (if we include
leptoquarks but ignore neutrinos) for the entire universe!). Leptons
are the only class of elementary particle, and are so distinguished
by their neutrino identity charges: sub-elementary quarks have none.
The (hypothetical) heavy leptoquark neutrino is an obvious candidate
for the "dark matter" of the Cosmos. (The (unrelated) mystery of
"dark energy" is discussed in another
paper.)
Postscript I
The Higgs is necessary in that it marks the combining energy
threshold of the electric and weak forces, and the creation thereby
of the "Leptonic Spectrum" of elementary massive particles, from the
electron to the leptoquark. So we are saying the Higgs is
responsible (directly) for the creation of the leptons, and these in
turn are necessary to produce a conserved, alternative, massive,
local, causal (temporal) universe from the asymmetric energetic
remnants of the "Big Bang". It is the leptoquark, in fact, which (in
concert with the asymmetric action of the weak force), causes the
original "Big Bang" symmetry-breaking,
for the fractional charges of the quarks allow the creation of
electrically neutral baryons (like neutrons), which are susceptible
to weak force asymmetric decays (because they are so long-lived).
For those who are interested in the convergence between
science and religion, it is quite easy to see all the
ingredients of the Genesis creation myth in this parallel scientific
creation story: the tree of life is the leptonic spectrum; the evil
serpent is the asymmetric action of the weak force; the proffered
apple is the innocent-looking electrically neutral baryon; the
Garden of Eden is the unbroken symmetric energy state of light,
before symmetry-breaking; the casting-out is into the broken
symmetry of the realm of massive atomic matter, penalized by time,
gravity, charge, mass, and local immobility (not to mention death
and taxes). The angel with the flaming sword is electric charge,
really mad about being tricked by the fractional charges of the
quarks, which are consequently locked away permanently.
We live and move and have our being within the Electroweak
Conservation Domain, made possible by the Higgs Boson combining the
electric and weak forces, producing the Leptonic Spectrum, with
subsequent weakforce symmetry-breaking of electrically neutral
leptoquark-antileptoquark pairs, producing our asymmetric,
"matter-only" universe as an alternative energy form conserved by
the law of charge conservation: the
charges of matter are symmetry debts of light. Once
stability is reached within the asymmetric "matter-only" atomic
system so created, information building can proceed, producing first
the Periodic Table of the Elements and eventually life,
consciousness, abstract thought, and technical understanding. The
Cosmos awakens to itself. Life is the rationale for the Cosmos.
Without doubt, life is everywhere throughout our universe. (A major
philosophical question remains: does life exist on larger scales
than our own? Is our planet ("Gaia"), solar system, galaxy, or
indeed the Universe itself "alive"? Does the fact of our individual
life confer "generalized life" upon these larger (and demonstrably necessary) organized systems
that contain and support us? Are we but "cells" within a larger
living entity?)
To be clear, we should say that we live within the planetary and
biochemical sector of the information realm of atomic matter, in the
electromagnetic ground state of the electroweak domain, as gauged by
the Higgs boson from primordial times. Of the Leptonic Spectrum,
only the electron and the leptoquark (now in the form of
protons/neutrons) significantly engage our daily lives, although
their neutrinos play an important but unseen (charge conserving)
role. Nuclear forces (strong and weak) are at work in our Sun,
providing heat and light for our negentropic and
information-building lifestyle. Our Sun is the archetype of symmetry
conservation, converting bound electromagnetic energy (mass) to free
electromagnetic energy (light), while simultaneously taking the
first step along the information pathway that leads to the Periodic
Table and eventually to life (creating helium from hydrogen). Within
our Sun, too, the IVBs of the EW domain are busy converting one
elementary particle into another, but the IVBs are as close as we
will come to the primordial energies of the Higgs itself. The
EW domain established by the Higgs boson encompasses everything in
our Cosmos created after the "Big Bang", with one notable exception
- the "black hole". This gravitational estate in which time itself
stands still, remains a profound mystery, in that we don't know what
it is composed of. If there is an alien visitor from another
universe within our spacetime, it can only be the "black hole"
(abducting our stars for its own energy reserves?). I discuss these
truly bizarre states of negative energy, including their
conservation role, in the gravity and entropy sections of my
website. See: "Introduction to Gravity" and
"Introduction to Entropy". (See also:
"Overview of the System" and "Alternative Charge Carriers and the Higgs
Boson".)
Returning to the question of the strong
force: the "Leptonic Spectrum" takes account of the strong force
only through the notion of the (hypothetical) leptoquark. Is this a
sufficient treatment? Yes, because of the peculiar nature of this
force (Gell-Mann "color" version) which is entirely "bottled-up"
within the baryon itself, having no presence in the outside world.
The binding of compound atomic nuclei is entirely due to the
exchange of virtual mesons (Yukawa strong force
mechanism), the color charge "gluons" playing no part. What
then does the strong force color charge do? Of course it binds
quarks permanently within baryons, and holds mesons together
(apparently). But beyond the permanent "confinement" of quarks
within baryons (thankfully shielding our eyes from the hideous,
asymmetric sight of fractional charges), the main effect of the
strong force color charge is simply the creation of "mass": only the
binding energy of gluons makes a baryon "heavy". So the Higgs has
nothing to do with the mass of the quarks or baryons, nor, by
extension, has its creation the "Leptonic Spectrum". It's all
binding energy in the case of the color-charge strong force, leaving
the field of mass effects entirely to the primordial convergence
energy of the electric and weak forces - the "spatial action" force
and the "information" force. Hence the "Leptonic Spectrum" does not
have to encompass or account for the masses of quarks or baryons,
including, of course, the anomalously huge mass of the "top" quark.
The "Leptonic Spectrum" is some sort of "harmonic resonance", which
the masses of the baryons and their quarks need not disturb.