TRANCE,
ART, AND CREATIVITY
a book
by JOHN CURTIS GOWAN
A Psychological
Analysis of the Relationship between the Individual Ego and the Numinous
Element in Three Modes: Prototaxic, Parataxic, and Syntaxic
Keywords: archetype, art, biofeedback, collective unconscious, creativity, dissociation, dream, drug effects, ecstasy, ESP, glossolalia, hallucination, hypnosis, meditation, myth, mysticism, numinous element, parapsychology, peak experience, psychic, psyche, ritual, self-actualization, tantra, trance.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter I pages 1-23 plus preface (102k) Synopsis of the Book
1. INTRODUCTION
I
1.1 SYNOPSIS
1
1.2 THE
NUMINOUS ELEMENT 3
1.3 THE
THREE ILLUSIONS 10
1.31 Space:
The Physical Universe 12
1.32 Time
14
1.33 Ego
16
1.34 Conclusion
17
1.4 THE
THREE MODES: PROTOTAXIC, PARATAXIC, AND SYNTAXIC 19
Chapter II: The Prototaxic Mode - Trance
Chapter IIa pages 24-104 (261k) The
Varieties of Trance
2. THE
PROTOTAXIC MODE: TRANCE 24
2.1 INTRODUCTION
24
2.2 SCHIZOPHRENIA
26
2.21 The
Panic-Reaction Type of Boisen 27
2.22 Developmental
Forcing and "Positive Disintegration". . 28
2.23 Unstressing
31
2.3 TRANCE
34
2.31 General
34
2.32 Group
Trance Dance 43
2.33 Possession
Trance 50
2.34 Mediumistic
Trance 56
2.35 Shamanistic
Trance 60
.351 General
60
.352 Qualifications
, Training, Initiation 62
.353 Paraphernalia
and Familiars 66
.354 Magic
69
2.36 Hypnosis
70
.361 General
70
.362 Hysteria
77
.363 Autohypnosis,
and Autogenic Training 79
.364 Conclusion
80
2.37 Psychedelic
Drugs 81
.371 Introduction
81
.372 Effects
84
.373 Mescaline
91
.374 LSD
93
.375 Marijuana
95
.376 Miscellaneous
Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
.377 Conclusion
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
.378 Delirium
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
2.38 Sensory
Deprivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Chapter IIb pages 105-173 (220k) Paranormal
Effects of Trance
2.4 PARANORMAL
EFFECTS OF TRANCE 105
2.41 General
105
2.42 ESP
Effects 111
2.43 Hallucinations
117
.431 General
117
.432 Auditory
Hallucinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
.433 Visual
Hallucinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
.434 Hypnagogic
Hallucinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
.435 Hallucinations
under Sensory Deprivation 125
.436 Hallucination
Associated With the Death of the Agent 127
.437 Critique
and Conclusion 128
2.44 Healing
and the Conquest of Pain 131
.441 General
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
.442 Folk
Healing in South America With Drugs . . . . . . 131
.443 Shamanistic
Psychic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
.444 Hypnotic
Control of Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
.445 Accelerated
Mental Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
2.45 Mastery
Over Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
2.46 Psychokinesis
and Poltergeist Phenomena . . . . . . . . 144
2.47 The
Out-of-Body Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
2.48 Mob
Contagion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
2.5 THE
AUTOMATISMS OF GLOSSOLALIA AND AUTOMATIC WRITING . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 152
2.51 Glossolalia
152
2.52 Xenoglossia
161
2.53 Single
Limb Trance: Automatic Writing 161
2.6 "HIGHER"
TRANCE: A DISPUTED ANCHOR POINT............................... . 162
2.61 General
162
2.62 Religious
Trances 163
2.7 PROTOTAXIC
CONCLUSION 167
Chapter III pages 174-244 (223k)
The Parataxic Mode - Art
3. THE
PARATAXIC MODE: (ART) 174
3.1 INTRODUCTION
174
3.2 ARCHETYPE
178
3.3 DREAMS
185
3.31 Introduction
185
3.32 Physiology
of Sleep and Dreaming 186
3.33 Theories
of Dreaming 187
3.34 Nightmares
193
3.35 Hypnotic
Investigation of Dreams 194
3.36 Dreams
and Creativity 195
3.37 Dreams
and the Paranormal 199
3.38 High
Dreams, Lucid Dreams, Programming Dreams 201
3.39 Conclusion
203
3.4 MYTH
204
3.41 General
Introduction 204
3.42 Examples
of Myth 209
3.43 Myth
and Animals 210
3.44 Totemization
of Myth 213
.441 General
213
.442 Talismans
215
3.45 Myth
and Ritual 217
3.5 RITUAL
218
3.6 ART
224
3.61 Introduction
224
3.62 Image-Magic
227
3.63 Art
as a Representation of the Numinous 230
3.64 Metaphysical
Art 235
3.65 Art
and Creativity 238
3.66 Conclusion-Art
239
3.7 PARATAXIC
MODE CONCLUSION 241
Chapter IV: The Syntaxic Mode - Creativity
Chapter IVa pages 245-319 (251k)
An Overview of Creativity
4. THE
SYNTAXIC MODE (CREATIVITY) 245
4.1 INTRODUCTION
245
4.11 Introduction
245
4.12 The
Numinous Element as the Collective Preconscious...............................
. 250
4.13 The
Three Illusions Revisited 257
4.14 The
Right Cerebral Hemisphere Function 261
4.15 Siddhis
264
.151 General
264
.152 ESP,
Telepathy, Precognition, Psychometry and Accelerated Mental Process 266
.153 Human
Auras and Kirlian Photography 267
.154 Healing
and Anesthesia from Pain 268
.155 Power
over Fire: Psychic Heat 269
.156 OBE,
Traveling Clairvoyance, Levitation, Magical Flight 271
.157 Psychokinesis
272
.158 Physiological
Aspects: Breathing, Autonomic Processes, Kundalini, Psychic Sound . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
.159 Miscellaneous
Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
4.2 TANTRIC
SEX (Jhana-6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
4.3 CREATIVITY
(Jhana-5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
4.31 Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
4.32 The
Importance of Symbolization in Verbal Creativity282
4.33 Creativity
as Cognitive, Rational, and Semantic .... 286
4.34 Creativity
as Personal and Environmental . . . . . . . 287
4.35 Creativity
as Psychological Openness . . . . . . . . . . 290
.351 General
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
.352 Openness
Facilitated by Hypnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 .
353 Openness
Facilitated by Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
.354 The
Role of ESP in Creativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
.355 Dreams
and Creativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
4.36 Creativity
and the Preconscious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
4.37 Creativity
as Evidence of Mental Health and Self -Actualization . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
.37a Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
.37b General
Research on Self-Actualization . . . . . . . . 304
.37c Joy,
Content, and Expectation of Good . . . . . . . . . 306
.37d Serendipity
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
.37e Increased
Control over Environment . . . . . . . . . . 306
.37f Sense
of Destiny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
.37g Acceptance
of Self, Others, Nature . . . . . . . . . . . 307
.37h Spontaneity
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
.37i Detachment
and Autonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
.37j Gemeinschaftgefuhl
(Brotherly
Love) . . . . . . . . . 308
.37k A
Philosophical and Unhostile Sense of Humor . . . 308
.371 Psychological
and Semantic Flexibility . . . . . . . . 309
.37m The
"Witness Phenomenon .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
4.38 Creative
Organization: General Systems Theory . . . . 310
4.39 Conclusion
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
4.4 BIOFEEDBACK
(Jhana-4) 314
4.41 General
Introduction 314
4.42 Alpha
Wave Training and Its Implications for Meditation 316
4.43 Alpha
and Creativity 319
Chapter IVb pages 320-391 (234k) Orthocognition,
Meditation, and Higher Stages
4.5 ORTHOCOGNITION
(Jhana-3) 320
4.51 General
Principles 320
4.52 Is
Orthocognition Moral? 327
4.53 Orthocognition
Compared 328
4.54 Orthocognition
as Healing 330
4.6 MEDITATION
(Jhana-2) 332
4.61 General
Information 332
4.62 Nichiren
Shoshu 337
4.63 Transcendental
Meditation 338
4.64 Psychocatalysis
340
4.65 Arica
341
4.66 Zen
342
4.67 Vedanta
344
4.68 Integral
Yoga 345
4.69 Conclusion
348
4.7 PSYCHEDELIA
AND ECSTASY 351
4.71 Response
Experiences (Jhana-1) 358
4.72 Adamic
or Time Ecstasies ("Access" or Jhana 0) 361
4.73 Knowledge
Ecstasy (Jhana 1) 366
4.74 Knowledge-Contact
Ecstasy of Degree I (Jhana 2) 369
4.75 Knowledge-Contact
Ecstasy of Degree 2 (Jhana 3) 373
4.76 Knowledge-Contact
Ecstasy of Degree 3 (Jhana 4) 373
4.77 Conclusion
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
4.8 THE
UNITIVE STAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
4.81 Ineffable
Contact (Jhana 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
4.82 Transcendental
Contact (Jhana 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
4.83 Ineffable
Union (Jhana 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
4.84 Transcendental
Union (Jhana 8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
4.9 CONCLUSION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Bibliography pages 409-447 (85k)
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